Sharks

Abstract
The topic of this paper is regarding the increasingly problematic situation of sharks throughout the world. It argues that sharks should be saved by implementing a course of action plan. This plan consists of three essentials. The first is that government should get involved in the policing of shark killers as well as the government being prepared to confront shark killers. The second is that the government should authorize scientific organizations to be able to declare a species endangered without having to go through red tape. The third is that there should be made an increase in the sharks’ number by doing genetic engineering and cloning.

Outline
Endangered Sharks
Thesis: There are many ways to protect the sharks
I. Introduction
a. Pollard (2001), “Sharks number of the sharks is so low…”
b. We should
c. There are many ways to protect the sharks.
i. Active organization
ii. Reserve pools
iii. Make the sharks familiar with new
II. Background
a. What is about the sharks?
i. Niclette Craig (2007) Sharks are long living with low reproductive rates
b. History of shark.
i. Norway flees were catching over 6000 tons of sharks in 1960.
ii. French fleets were catching over 1000 tons as recently as 1979. (Marren, 2007).
c. Who argues about sharks?
i. Hunters think that we have a lot of sharks and they can make a lot of money from them.
III. Main Arguments
a. The fishers do not understand that there are some rare sharks.
i. We can open reserve pools to make increase in the sharks
ii. Avoid the sharks from the pollution
iii. Avoid the sharks from the fishers
b. Make people who can protect the sharks
i. We need marine police
ii. They can stop illegal fishing
c. Make a good organization
i. It can help to make the fishes familiar with its new environment.
ii. It can help to increase the fish which it close to extinct.
iii. Make good roles that can help to avoid the hunters.
IV. Conclusion
a. Thesis restatement
b. Three reasons.
c. Humans should understand the situation of the pollution.



Sharks are killed everywhere around the world. All sharks are changing their places around the world. The global warming and the pollution are causing a decrease in the population of the sharks along with other related animals. “(S)hark numbers are so low experts fear the species may be experiencing difficulties breeding” (Pollard, 2001,para.1). Only 550 sharks may remain on Australia’s east coast, scientific research suggests. After that, the number of people who kill sharks and trade on them is increasing every day (Maddalena. n.d). “Human activities exert a key influence on shark survival and as fisheries relying on other types of fish have declined,” (Maddalena, n.d., para.4). On the other hand, people are starting to make organization to make people understand the situation. According to Marren (2007), there was a meeting in Oxford to discuss the global plight of migratory, open-sea sharks; the Sharks Specialist of the World Conservation Union (IUCN) agreed that practically every species of large shark found in European waters was heading for extinction. As one can see, there are many sources that name this increasing problem and there needs to be some attention thrown towards this issue in order for things to be properly taken care of. While many acknowledge that this is an issues to address, many either do not see the serious importance of this issue, or moreover do not have a plan of action in order to rectify this situation.

The sharks are endangered in our world, so we need many solutions to keep them away from the killers. We need to have a good and active organization for the sharks to protect them from the killers, and have marine police. We need to create reserve pools, which are individual pools in espial farms or inside the ocean, to protect the sharks and make an increase in the shark’s number. In addition, we need to make the sharks familiar with the different types of weather by cloning. Finally, people should stop some of their industrial activities, which affect the sea animals in general.

Firstly, we need to have strong patrol organizations and marine police that have the equipment and capacity to capture the shark killers. What are needed are proper patrol boats that scout the waters and look for such violations. The marine police need to also have the proper authority to arrest and book those who kill sharks. With this power, if someone tries to kill a shark, they could be heavily fined. A proper plan would include a 3-strike system that consists of the following: If it is the shark-killer’s first offense, he would be fined. The second offense would be a much larger fine, perhaps triple the first offense. But if the shark killer persists, they need to be put in jail. This would help protect the sharks from being killed off. There exist some examples of this type of system which have proven to be more or less effective. The reason it is effective is because when people have to pay money out of their pocket and/or risk criminal prosecution against themselves for the killing of a shark, they will naturally think twice about doing it again. One such example is that of a fifty-one-year-old man in Australia ( . According to the New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, as of (2008, para.3) “a 51-year-old Lake Munmorah man who killed an endangered grey nurse shark has been fined $2,000.” The shark appeared to have had its throat cut. The law in Australia is that anyone who happens to catch one of these harmless sharks must release it immediately or else they would face prosecution. This particular type of shark, the grey nurse, was officially declared protected from fishing in 1984. In 2001 it was declared endangered. The NSW Department of Primary Industries goes further to put a toll-free number on their website to report anyone who happens to see or witness an endangered shark being attacked, killed, or caught. It is this very example of the policing system in Australia that is needed to be implemented worldwide in order to solve this problem of the disappearing sharks, and to save them from ultimate extinction.

Secondly, the creation of reserve pools would seriously help the sharks increase in number and come out of the endangered classification. Reserve pools are basically large in-house bodies of water which are designed strictly for the purpose of reproducing and raising fish (in this case sharks). These pools are under controlled environments and so there are no predators or otherwise obstacles that would potentially prevent reproduction to occur at a fast rate. These reserve pools are utilized when the very problem of endangered species exists. With these pools, the endangered species can quickly multiply and reproduce. If these reserve pools are made, and sharks are free to breed without predators; in a few years they will multiply and there will no longer be a risk of extinction. These pools would need some funding by the government in order to finance the operation. They are not cheap. However, it would be well worthwhile for the government to solve this issue now before the species become extinct and more problems arise. While one might think that its merely a single species of sharks, a precedent needs to be made that shows the public that the government is serious about protecting endangered species. An investment of about five years would prove useful and would provide the sharks an adequate amount of time to make a comeback. While this is not an immediate solution, no solutions really are. All of these suggestions need to be implemented simultaneously in order for there to be an effective positive result.

Finally, because global warming is also another factor aside from shark killers that is making them endangered, cloning and genetic engineering would prove useful to help the sharks adapt to the new environmental changes and climate shifts. Genetic engineering has been in use for the last decade and is slowly becoming increasingly popular and effective. Cloning and genetic engineering was once though of as taboo; however, now it has become such a part of our lives that in some instances it is hard to do without. If one just looks at the agricultural base, one would observe that there are many instances of genetic engineering being utilized. For instance, there are plants that are genetically engineered to resist the damaging effects of pesticides, or become immune towards them altogether. Other genetically engineered plants also have become more resistant does harsh weather conditions. This has become almost a necessity. Not only to such genetic engineering produce a more productive and profitable crop for the farmer, but it also hard to do without them now. Because of the rising issue of global warming becoming more and more dangerous, it is important that the plants can adapt to such a different climatic change. If they are unable to adapt, then there will be very few crops left and the prices for those remaining few will become extremely high. Similarly, if genetic engineering and cloning of sharks are used to help the sharks adapt to industrialized pollutants, for example, while the factories are simultaneously fined and regulated for such harmful dumping into bodies of water, the sharks will be less endangered. If sharks are genetically engineered and cloned to make them more resistant to temperature changes (as a result of global warming), the sharks will also become less endangered. Therefore, if the sharks DNA can be changed, for example, to deal with the temperature change, and also become immune to diseases that are brought forth by industrial activity, they will become hardier and hence more able to sustain their population and enter out of the endangered zone. Though this is not a quick process, it is possible and it can be done.

It can be said that the disappearing sharks are definitely a problem. However, this problem can easily be fixed if combinations of all the aforementioned solutions are implemented. There needs to be strict and enforcing marine police and organizations that reprimand shark-killers. There also needs to be an initiation of reserve pools so that the sharks can multiply once again while other things are worked on. Finally, the sharks can be genetically engineered and cloned to make the shark more resistant to climatic change and industrial activity. If all these solutions are implemented simultaneously, the shark population will not be endangered and they will surely make a comeback. However, as mentioned before, if these solutions are not implemented at the same time, they will not work, or at least they will not work as quickly. This problem needs to be combatted from all angles – from the shark’s defense and the environmental offense. It is only then that this problem of endangered sharks – and endangered species in general – can be solved and rectified.

In conclusion, it can be said that while there are endangered species that need attention, there must also be a proper plan to save them and provide them with assistance. To this day there is not a proper plan that incorporated all the aforementioned plans and ingredients needed to save such species. While there have been efforts in other countries as well as at home that have perhaps started in the right direction, any existing plans still do not seem exhaustive and are rather incomprehensive. The comprehensive solution should include the government doing their homework first before they initiate any action plans. Furthermore, the plan should include the authorization of scientific organizations to be able to declare a species endangered. Finally, we should make an increase in the sharks’ number by doing genetic engineering.


References

Macdonald, Z. (2008, August 27). Man fined for killing endangered grey nurse shark. New South Wales Department of Primary Industries. Retrieved November 25, 2008 from http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/aboutus/news/recent-news/fishing-and-aquaculture/man-fined-for-killing-grey-nurse

Maddalena, A. (n.d.). Sharks: Dangerous or Endangered? WORLDANDI.COM. Retrieved September 5, 2008, from http://www.worldandi.com/newhome/public/2004/january/nspub.asp.

Marren, P. (2007, April 5). Endangered Shark Under Attack From Cornish Fishermen. The Independent. Retrieved September 5, 2008, from http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/nature/endangered-shark-under-attack-from-cornish-fishermen-443481.html

Namdar, A. & Ng, J. (2000, August 27). Shark conservation campaign gets under way in Singapore. CNN. Retrieved September 5, 2008, from Lexis Nexis

Pollard, K. (2001, October 3). Shark number fears as new law passed. AAP NEWSFEED. Retrieved September 5, 2008, from Lexis Nexis.